Phenology is the study of seasonal change. Specifically, how living organisms respond to seasonal changes.  Many different scientists are interested in phenology. They measure, record, and analyze information about the seasons. You can study the seasons too!

How do you know what season it is? With your teacher and fellow students, list all of the things you can think of that help you know what season it is. Each of the things on your list is a "seasonal marker". A seasonal marker is a way to keep track of (or mark) the seasons.

If you take a closer look at the things on your list, you might notice something very interesting. All of the things you have listed fit into two different categories. Maybe you said that you know it is winter when it is snowing and that you know it is spring when robins begin to nest in your neighborhood. These are examples of Natural Seasonal Markers. Natural Seasonal Markers are markers that are controlled by primarily natural events.

You might have other Seasonal Markers on your list. You might have said that you know it is summer when you watch fireworks on the 4th of July, or you know it is winter when the "Frosty the Snowman" Cartoon is on TV. These are examples of Cultural Seasonal Markers. Cultural Seasonal Markers are related to our traditions, religions, holidays, and community events. Often Cultural Seasonal Markers are influenced by Natural Seasonal Markers, however they are controlled by human actions.

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